Рефераты и сочинения для учащихся

Living in the country
Today some people
sell their small flats in the cities, buy houses in the
countryside and move to live there in order to change their
lifestyle. But before you make this decision, let us consider
advantages and disadvantages of the living in the village.
On the living one hand, there are plently of benefits in village
life.
First of all, the environment is much healthier in the village.
The air is fresh, there are no traffic jams and the number of
cars is much smaller. The noise level is also lower and usually
after 10 p.m. it becomes very quiet.
Secondly, the house in the country can be far cheaper than a
flat in the city. So you can have a very spacious place to live
with some private territory around it and maybe even a couple of
sheds. The price also depends on how far the place is from the
city and whether it has schools, hospitals and shops. So it can
be very convenient for a family with children.
Besides, you private plot of land gives you freedom to organize
it the way you like. Some people choose to grow vegetables,
others use this place to construct a playground for children or
organize a nice place for barbecue. It will be more pleasant for
you to spend time outdoors on your own land.
But on the other hand there are also some drawbacks in the life
of a villager.
First of all, if you have a private house, you should understand
that trouble with leaking roof, electricity, heating system,
water supply and so on is now your responsibility and you should
take good care of your property to avoid possible problems.
Moreover, it may be difficult to find a job in the village. And
if you want to work in the city and live in the village, you
should think over all possible transport problems. It may take
you several hours to get to your workplace or you may face
traffic congestion.
It is also important to check what facilities are there in the
village. If the family has small children, it is important to
have a good kindergarten and a school nearby. If you love
sports, you’ll want to have a swimming-pool or a gym near your
house.
All in all, life in the country is a great opportunity to lead a
healthy lifestyle and live in a spacious house, but before you
make your choice think carefully about all pros and cons.
Жизнь в деревне
Сегодня некоторые люди продают свои
маленькие квартиры в городах, покупают дома в сельской местности
и переезжают туда жить, чтобы изменить свой образ жизни. Но
прежде чем вы примите такое решении, давайте рассмотрим
преимущества и недостатки жизни в деревне.
С одной стороны, в деревенской жизни много преимуществ.
Во-первых, окружающая среда в деревне здоровее. Свежий воздух,
нет пробок и количество машин намного меньше. Уровень шума также
ниже, а после 10 вечера обычно становится очень тихо.
Во-вторых, дом в сельской местности может оказаться значительно
дешевле, чем квартира в городе. У вас может быть очень
просторное место жительства с частной территорией вокруг и может
быть несколькими сараями. Цена будет также зависеть от того,
насколько далеко от города находится это место и есть ли там
школы, больницы и магазины. Что может быть очень удобно для
семей с детьми.
Кроме того, наличие частного участка дает вам свободу
организовать его так, как вам нравится. Некоторые выберут
выращивание овощей, другие используют это место для
строительства детской игровой площадки или организации хорошего
места для барбекю. Вам будет приятнее проводить время на улице
на вашей собственной земле.
Но с другой стороны, есть и недостатки в жизни деревенского
жителя.
Во-первых, если у вас частный дом, вы должны понимать, что все
проблемы с протекающей крышей, электричеством, системой
отопления, водоснабжением и т.д. теперь ваша ответственность,
вам необходимо хорошо заботиться о вашей собственности, чтобы
избежать возможным проблем.
Более того, в деревне может быть сложно найти работу. А если вы
хотите работать в городе и жить в деревне, вам нужно обдумать
все возможные транспортные проблемы. На то, чтобы добраться до
вашего рабочего места, может уйти несколько часов или могут
возникнуть сложности с общественным транспортом.
Также важно проверить, какие учреждения есть в деревне. Если в
семье маленькие дети, важно иметь рядом хороший детский сад и
школу. Если вы любите спорт, вы захотите, чтобы рядом с вашим
домом был бассейн или спортивный зал.
В целом, жизнь в сельской местности это замечательная
возможность вести здоровый образ жизни и жить в просторном доме,
но прежде чем вы примите решение, внимательно подумайте обо всех
плюсах и минусах.
Vocabulary:
advantages and
disadvantages
benefits and drawbacks – преимущества и недостатки
to avoid – избегать
carefully – внимательно, тщательно
choice – выбор
to consider — рассматривать,учитывать
convenient — удобный, подходящий
countryside – сельская местность, деревня
facilities – здесь сооружения, условия
heating system — система отопления
kindergarten – детский сад
leaking roof- протекающая крыша
lifestyle – образ жизнь, стиль жизни
noise – шум
outdoors – на воздухе, на улице, вне дома
playground — площадка для игр
possible – возможный
property — собственность
pros and cons – плюсы и минусы,за и против
shed – сарай, навес
spacious – просторный
traffic jam – «пробка», затор
water supply — водоснабжение
workplace – рабочее место
Answer the questions
1. Why do some people want to live in the country side?
2. What are the advantages of living in a private house?
3. What problems can you have with a house?
4. What transport problems can a villager have?
5. How can you use territory around your private house?
6. Where would you prefer to live – in the countryside or in the
city -and why?
7. Translate underlined expressions. Use them in your own
sentences about life in the village.
8. Think about these groups of people. Find 3 pros and cons in
life in the village for each group.
• A family with small children
• An old lady
• Teenagers

Наверное каждый житель как села, так и крупного мегаполиса – задается, порой, отчасти риторическим вопросом: Где лучше жить? В городе или в деревне? В этом простеньком сочинении вы, возможно, найдете ответ.
Comparative Essay on City Life vs. Village Life
Though Indian is mainly a land of villages, there are many cities as well in the country. Some of the cities like Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata are very big. They have a population of several millions. Life in these big cities is quite different from the life in a village. Let us here consider, in brief, the life in a big city and point out some of its important advantages and disadvantages.
In big cities we find good arrangements for education. Big colleges even universities, are found here. Even a person of ordinary means can give his sons and daughters the highest education according to their financial capacity. There are also a very large number of schools both for boys and girls in very city. They also provide well-equipped libraries and reading rooms for public use. Such arrangements do not exist in small towns and villages.
Cities also provide ample medical facilities. In every city, there are good hospitals in which the poor get free medicines and treatment. Many well-qualified private doctors are also there to serve the sick and the suffering. Lack of such medical arrangement is a drawback of villages.
Besides this, cities also provide many fine opportunities for amusement and recreation. In every city there are a number of cinema houses and theatres, where we can enjoy the best pictures and dramatic performance. There are also a number of restaurants and hotels where we can get food, tea, etc, of the finest quality. There are also many parks and gardens where we can enjoy natural beauty at is best. The markets of the city, specially when brilliantly lighted at night, are better than many exhibitions and fairs.
The most important advantages of cities is the availability of avenues of employment. They are centres of trade and commerce. There are big offices as well as large number of factories and mills. Persons with every kind of qualification can easily find jobs to suit them. No such opportunities exist in villages where the people depend mostly on agriculture.
There are many other advantages of city life. City people are more cultured and refined. There we find opportunities to mix with people from every corner of the country as also from foreign countries. We meet people who have different nature, different ideas, and different ways of living and thinking. In this way, our outlook is broadened and our views enlarged.
Cities have many disadvantages also. The remark of the English poet Cowper “God made the country and man made the town” is quite true. In the City, we cannot enjoy the beauties of nature, as we can do in villages. City life is artificial. Man lives cut off from nature. He cannot appreciate the charms of birds and flowers, or the beauty of the day-dawn and the sunset as in villages.
City life is extremely unhealthy. Air pollution, water pollution and sound pollution have converted the city life into hell. The smoke coming out a number of factories makes the atmosphere dirty. The sky is always covered with black clouds. The people get no opportunity to breathe free and pure air, or to enjoy clear sunshine. Beside this, food in the cities is dirty and adulterated. We cannot get pure milk and ghee. The food sold in the market is entirely unwholesome and unfit for consumptions. The villages suffer from no such drawbacks.
One has to face many difficulties in a big city. Life is every costly. People have to live with pomp and show. A simple life, like that of the villages, is impossible in the city. Beside, the cities are over-crowded and people get very little accommodation. Rates are high and newcomers have to put up with a great deal of hardship. Distances are long and much time is wasted in going from one place to another.
People in the city do not have much sympathy for others. There is no fellow-feeling. That sympathy and close interdependence which is so marked in villages life is entirely lacking in the city. Such is the life in big city. That is why many people do not like to live there. Others prefer it owning to its medical and cultural advantages. It is all a matter of taste. I, myself, like to live in a village in the close vicinity of a city so that I may enjoy the pleasures both of the city and the country.

Many people like spending their holidays in the countryside. Life in the village is different from life in the city. Country air is less contaminated. There are lakes and meadows with grazing cattle. There are a lot of things you can do while staying in the countryside. You can take a stroll in the forest and listen to some birds’ singing, you can go fishing or swim in the lake. You can simply sit by the river watching sunset.
Everyone who lives in the village has their own farm. Some people rear hens, pigs or goats. Everyone has their own vegetable garden where they grow vegetables, fruit and berries. In the nearby forest they go to pick mushrooms.
In summer people stock up with firewood to stoke the stoves long winter nights.
Каждое лето я провожу несколько недель в деревне. Эта живописная местность расположена вдали от пыльного и шумного города.
Многие люди любят отдыхать в деревне. Жизнь в деревне отличается от городской. В деревне чище воздух. Там есть озера и луга, где пасется скот. В деревне всегда можно найти увлечение по душе. Можно отправиться на прогулку в лес и послушать пение птиц, поехать на рыбалку или поплавать в озере. Можно просто посидеть на берегу реки, любуясь закатом.
У всех людей, которые живут в деревне, есть свое хозяйство. Некоторые разводят кур, свиней или коз. У всех есть собственный огород, в котором они выращивают овощи, ягоды и фрукты. В близлежащий лес люди ходят за грибами.
Летом люди заготавливают дрова, чтобы топить печи долгими зимними вечерами.