Рефераты и сочинения для учащихся

Обновлено: 27.04.2023

Топик Достижения науки, научно-техническая революция и наша повседневная жизнь – описывает, как изменилась наша жизнь, благодаря неисчислимому количеству изобретений. Даже трудно предположить, когда было сделано самое-самое первое изобретение. Из самых важных – это, конечно, электричество, транспорт и компьютер. Компьютер буквально преобразил жизнь каждого пользователя, и возможности компьютеров бесконечны, взять хотя бы, к примеру, электронную почту и интернет. А нашу повседневную жизнь мы уже не можем представить без телевизора, телефона, факса, центрального отопления, лифтов, микроволновых печей, пылесосов, радио и т.п. И в будущем машины будут выполнять почти всю работу за человека, но самого человека они заменить не смогут, потому что машины – не умеют чувствовать.

As the years go forward our life becomes faster, a lot of new things appear, our mind develops and it cannot stop. It’s like a strong river which never ends to run and it is rapidly spreading all over the earth. Many centuries ago people even couldn’t imagine that we will be able to exchange information using telephone, fax, Internet as long as they couldn’t think that there are a lot of planets except our earth and that people can fly their. If we think how had everything developed, how many new things had appeared and how had the minds of people become so wide we even won’t be able to understand it because nowadays we cannot imagine our life without such inventions like lamps, ovens, central heating and others. During the centuries people have been invented the things to make our life easier. A great invention such as transport plays one of the most important roles in our life. We live in flats, can appear in different point of earth within a day, can say hello to people who live in another point of the world. All those things are a product of technical progress and it doesn’t stop to grow and develop. Nowadays we live surrounded by machines and other inventions. And with new inventions we become happier because nearly everything is making by machine not by ourselves. And from day to day appear more and more new things. And we don’t think about how the first inventions were created. The only thing we know that we never will return to the life which people lived a lot of centuries ago because there is no way back. Everything is handy. We use at home vacuum cleaners to clean the flat, ovens to cook, lifts to walk down in our houses, lamps to make our flats light…. There are a lot of such things like this, and we even don’t think about when and where and who invented it. And it’s so simple to us. And it’s so dear to us that we cannot even live without it. Our century is a century of developing informational connection. Faxes, TV, Internet, and Telephone became the most popular way of getting and sending information. One of the greatest inventions of the century, in my opinion is computer. It’s the coup in the technology. When Charles Babbage (1792-1871), a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University invented the first calculating machine in 1812 he could hardly have imagined the situation we find ourselves today. Computer becomes like a brain of human but the only thing it cannot do is to feel. The other things are easy to it. As everything computers also develop. The possibilities of it are so wide. It can do more than 500000 sums in a fraction of a second. Programming became one of the most useful and popular profession. Nowadays computers can pay wages, reserve seats on planes, control sputniks, compose music. Also everybody knows the words Cd Rom, a means of storing information on a disk to be read by a computer, e-mail, which becomes one of the ways to exchange information, the Internet – a network that is a way to get information, to communicate with people, to find everything you need. More and more people become Internet users because we can do so many things their and also cannot say all of them. You can chat there, find job, pay bills, get music, buy something, find abstracts, and know the latest news, exchange information with other people in each point of earth by e-mail and a lot of other functions. As for me it became a usual thing to be connected to Internet. It attracts me by a wide variety of different kinds of information which is necessary to people. Of coarse I use a lot of other things of technology at home. And I think that the main point of such inventions as vacuum cleaners, which we use at home, radio, TV set, mixers, refrigerators, one of the most important thing in every flat all these were invented only after the invention of electricity. So I find the question about technical progress very wide and it’s impossible to say about all inventions. And in conclusion I want to say that the technical progress won’t stop and the machines will substitute everything except one – the human.

The scientific and technical revolution has changed our life very much. The computers, the mobile phones and other digital devices have entered our everyday life. The atomic, space and energy age was followed bу the age of computers. The tasks which had seemed eternal before have been solved one bу one bу computers. During the last decade many fundamental changes occurred because of electronic devices. It is even difficult to imagine the social and economic consequences of the microelectronic revolution. The large use of computers has influenced our life in such а way that it was difficult to imagine 15 or 20 years ago.

On the one hand, computers have simplified our life greatly. If you typed а text on the typewriter and made а mistake you had to type the whole page again. Making several copies of the same document used to bе а difficult job too. But now it’s quite different. Correcting mistakes is easy. Computer also helps us to buy goods, find information, book tickets, make presentations and annual reports, and make difficult calculations. Time is saved for leisure. Leisure time is also influenced bу computer and other periphery devices. You no longer go to the music shops – many things are available on the internet. You needn’t write letters to your relatives or friends – you can send an e-mail. And your photo albums are on computer too.

Computer games are probably also а part of your free time. They became more and more realistic and complicated, and for many people it becomes impossible to tear themselves away. This means that electronic devices, such as computer and ТV set are used mostly for entertainment and consume most of the time that could bе spent on work, going for а walk and sleeping. Man becomes а slave of the devices which were designed to make him stronger. Is there а way out? In fact, there is, but many people don’t know it and are still slaves. The best decision is not to give these equipments place in your heart. They should do their work. And when you have а rest, prefer real communication to virtual one and living an active life to watching films about crime. Then electronics will bе not our lord or enemy but our friend!

Speaking Exercise

Answer the following questions to the text.

1. The technical revolution has changed our life very much, hasn’t it?

2. What were the predecessors of computer age?

3. Do computers make our life easier and simpler? In what way?

4. Computers influence our free time too, don’t they?

5. Can you get music and video on the internet? What other information can you get there?

6. What devices became compatible with computer during the last years?

7. Can you communicate with your friends on the Internet? Do you like such communication or you prefer real one?

8. In what way do computer games influence the people?

9. Do electronic devices take all our free time?

10. Is man а slave of the devices which were designed to make him stronger?

The scientific and technical revolution has changed our life very
much.
The computers, the mobile phones and other digital devices have
entered our everyday life.
The atomic, space and energy age was followed by the age of
computers. The tasks which had seemed eternal before have been
solved one by one by computers. During the last decade many fundamental
changes occurred because of electronic devices. It is even difficult
to imagine the social and economic consequences of the microelectronic
revolution.
The large use of computers has influenced our life in such a way
that it was difficult to imagine 15 or 20 years ago. On the one hand,
computers have simplified our life greatly. If you typed a text on the
typewriter and made a mistake you had to type the whole page again.
Making several copies of the same document used to be a difficult job
too. But now it‘s quite different. Correcting mistakes is easy. Computer
also helps us to buy goods, find information, book tickets, make presentations
and annual reports, and make difficult calculations. Time is
saved for leisure.
Leisure time is also influenced by computer and other periphery
devices. You no longer go to the music shops – many things are available
on the internet. You needn‘t write letters to your relatives or friends
– you can send an e-mail. And your photo albums are on computer too.
Computer games are probably also a part of your free time. They
became more and more realistic and complicated, and for many people
it becomes impossible to tear themselves away. This means that electronic
devices, such as computer and TV set are used mostly for entertainment
and consume most of the time that could be spent on work, going for a walk and sleeping. Man becomes a slave of devices which
were designed to make him stronger.
Is there a way out? In fact, there is, but many people don`t know it
and are still slaves. The best decision is not to give these equipments
place in your heart. They should do their work. And when you have a
rest, prefer real communication to virtual one and living an active life to
watching films about crime. Then electronics will be not our lord or
enemy but our friend!

Текст
Technical Progress
The scientific and technical revolution has changed our life very much. The computers, the mobile phones and other digital devices have entered our everyday life. The atomic, space and energy age was followed bу the age of computers. The tasks which had seemed eternal before have been solved one bу one bу computers. During the last decade many fundamental changes occurred because of electronic devices.
It is even difficult to imagine the social and economic consequences of the microelectronic revolution. The large use of computers has influenced our life in such а way that it was difficult to imagine 15 or 20 years ago. On the one hand, computers have simplified our life greatly. If you typed а text on the typewriter and made а mistake you had to type the whole page again. Making several copies of the same document used to bе а difficult job too. But now it’s quite different.
Computer also helps us to buy goods, find information, book tickets, make presentations and annual reports, and make difficult calculations. Time is saved for leisure. Leisure time is also influenced bу computer and other periphery devices. You no longer go to the music shops – many things are available on the internet. You needn’t write letters to your relatives or friends – you can send an e-mail. And your photo albums are on computer too.
Computer games are probably also а part of your free time. They became more and more realistic and complicated, and for many people it becomes impossible to tear themselves away. This means that electronic devices, such as computer and ТV set are used mostly for entertainment and consume most of the time that could bе spent on work, going for а walk and sleeping. Man becomes а slave of the devices which were designed to make him stronger. Is there а way out? In fact, there is, but many people don’t know it and are still slaves. The best decision is not to give these equipments place in your heart. They should do their work. And when you have а rest, prefer real communication to virtual one and living an active life to watching films about crime. Then electronics will bе not our lord or enemy but our friend!
The Internet has connected people from all parts of the world. People are getting more and more involved in the computer world. Children forget about all other toys when computer games are at hand. Almost all modern projects, designs and calculations are impossible without computers. The newest invention is the virtual reality, which can be changed according to the wishes of the man. It has turned out to be so attractive that there is a danger that it can substitute the whole world for its users.
Dozens of incurable diseases have been overpowered. The man has penetrated inside the cell and such branch of science as genetic engineering is doing wonders nowadays. However its results are sometimes scary, for example cloning. It has caused heated arguments because of its moral side.
The 20-th century is called the nuclear age. It’s due to the fact that the man learned to use the power of the atom. It created the most devastating weapon in history and now the stores of A-bombs and H-bombs threaten the existence of the whole planet.

The exploration of space is based on high technologies which cost a lot of money. However, flights into outer space allow man to penetrate into new spheres of unpredictable discoveries.

Выполните послетекстовые задания:
a) Match the words from the left and the right columns:
1. phones A. annual
2. technologies B. difficult
3. reports С. technical
4. calculations D. high
5. progress E. mobile
b) Translate the following sentences from English into Russian:
1. Computer also helps us to buy goods, find information, book tickets, make presentations and annual reports, and make difficult calculations.
2. The atomic, space and energy age was followed bу the age of computers.
3. Dozens of incurable diseases have been overpowered.
4. The man has penetrated inside the cell and such branch of science as genetic engineering is doing wonders nowadays.
5. They should do their work. And when you have а rest, prefer real communication to virtual one and living an active life to watching films about crime.
c) Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
1. 21 век называют веком инноваций в области науки и техники.
2. Все современные проекты и вычисления невозможны без компьютера.
3. Некоторые люди считают, что технический прогресс наносит вред окружающей среде.
4. Сегодня невозможно представить нашу жизнь без разнообразных гаджетов.
5. Последствия современной науки и технического прогресса угрожают существованию нашей планеты.

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